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| Moderated by: The Watcher, Saida.M, safetyblitz, Raven, Miss Brighter Days, LadyDay, Kunjufu, Kibibi, Happiness, Dillinger, Breadfruit, Backatya |
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Dillinger
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Posted: Friday December 5th, 2003 18:40 |
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What do you know about your Black History? Most people know something but not everthing. I thought we could use this thread as a fun way of sharing with each other, learning together, and teaching each other about our own History, all you have to do is post no more than 2 pieces of historical facts per day without giving information that has already been posted on this thread(don't know if anyone will join in, but what the hell, gonna try it anyway).
Otis Boykin patents the Electrical Resistor
February 21th 1961
Otis Boykin, Inventor, patented the Electrical Resistor. U.S. 2,972,726 He is responsible for inventing the electrical device used in all guided missiles and IBM computers, plus 26 other electronic devices including a control unit for an artificial heart stimulator (pacemaker). He began his career as a laboratory assistant testing automatic controls for aircraft. One of Boykin's first achievements was a type of resistor used in computers, radios, television sets, and a variety of electronic devices. Some of his other inventions included a variable resistor used in guided missiles, small component thick-film resistors for computers. The innovations in resistor design reduced the cost of producing electronic controls for radio and television, for both military and commercial applications. Other inventions by Otis Boykin also included a burglarproof cash register and chemical air filter 
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Saida.M
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Posted: Friday December 5th, 2003 19:30 |
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Good topic Dillinger.
In 1964, (December 10), Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Martin Luther King Jr. at ceremonies in Oslo, Norway. He was the third black and the youngest person to receive the award.
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"One of the heads of the beast seemed to have been fatally wounded, but the wound had healed. The whole earth was amazed and followed the beast".
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Sage
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Posted: Friday December 5th, 2003 22:53 |
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This is a terrific thread Dillinger.
MADAM C.J. WALKER (inventor/Businesswoman/philanthropist)
Born Sarah Breedlove in Louisiana to former slaves in 1867...walker is often erroneously credited with inventing the straightning comb but rather invented a conditioning treatment for straigtening hair. Walker was an early pioneer of the black hair care and cosmetics industry who went on to become the first female millionaire. She made many contributions to black charities and causes among them a generous donation to the NAACP's anti-lynching campaign before she died.
Madam C. J. Walker died in 1919.Last edited on Saturday December 6th, 2003 04:09 by Sage
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Menzer
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Posted: Saturday December 6th, 2003 04:03 |
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The Right Excellent Nanny of the Maroons
Nanny of the Maroons lived about 250 years ago. She died in the 1750s. Her ancestors were the Asante people of Africa. They lived in the country now called Ghana. When Nanny lived, most of the African people in Jamaica were slaves. They were brought to Jamaica to work on the sugar plantations.
At the time Jamaica was captured by the English, a number of slaves were set free by the Spanish to prevent them falling into the hands of the English. They were the maroons.
Nanny was not a slave, but she led many Maroons into the hills in Portland. They called the place where they lived Nanny Town. The owners of the plantations wanted to get the slaves back. The colonial forces came into the hills, and Nanny and her people had to fight these soldiers to stay free.
Nanny became the Queen Mother. In Asante Land the Queen Mother was the "Mother of the people". She was the political leader and a religious leader. Nanny was very powerful. Her people thought she could work magic.
The Maroons did not have many guns. They took some from dead soldiers. They stole some, and they traded for some. Mostly, they had to fight without guns. They were very good at living and fighting in the bush. They had to be, in order to survive. They hid in the bush, and they set traps for the colonial forces. They surprised them, and they frightened them. This way of fighting is called Guerilla warfare. While the Maroon men were fighting, the women planted and grew food. Everyone had a job to do. Nanny used an Abeng to call her people in the bush.
An abeng is a cow horn. And the Maroons still use them.
Nanny town was hidden in the hills, but in the end the colonial forces found it. They captured it and kept it for about a year. They built a small fort there. But Nanny took her people further into the hills. Later, they went back to Nanny town. They surprised the soldiers, and they took the town again.
Maroons in eastern and Central Jamaica made peace with the English. Nanny did not want to, but the English persuaded her War-chief Quao to sign a peace-treaty. Nanny was one of the most important fighters for freedom and independence.
In the end, the English let Nanny have land at a place called New Nanny Town, which we call Moore Town. Nanny got this land for her people forever.
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LadyDay
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Posted: Saturday December 6th, 2003 04:20 |
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Mary Seacole - 1805-1881 made famous during the crimean war. Jamaican nurse
QUEEN CHARLOTTE Wife of George III and grandma of Queen Victoria
QUEEN PHILLIPA Wife of King Edward III became England's first black queen in 1330
IGNATIOUS SANCHO 18th century writer and businessman
i thought i just give these few for a start. some of these were listed in the daily mirror during uk's black history month this past october
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Saida.M
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Posted: Saturday December 6th, 2003 04:44 |
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The slave trade BEGAN in 1619, (this is for those who think we have always been slaves in the western world).
It ENDED in 1835 for Britain in the West Indies and 1865 in America.
Last edited on Saturday December 6th, 2003 04:46 by Saida.M
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People readily believe lies before they believe the truth
"One of the heads of the beast seemed to have been fatally wounded, but the wound had healed. The whole earth was amazed and followed the beast".
Good News Bible. Rev. Ch.13 V.3
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~* Cuban Gyal *~
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Posted: Saturday December 6th, 2003 05:02 |
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Harriet Ross (A.k.a Harriet Tubman her marriage name)
Born in Dorchester county, Maryland 1819 - died in 1913...
She is responsible for the underground rail road system. Where she freed herself as well as millions of other afro-americans from slavery. Harriet is honored up to this day for her remarkable bravery and courage.
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markee
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Posted: Saturday December 6th, 2003 05:13 |
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This is something that i never knew until i found out when i attended a convention last monday gone with the lecturer Tony Martin in north london the island of St Vincent which is where my parents hail from had a major part in one of the slave rebellions by fighting the british of and keeping them out for 100 years .
Also alot of you might already know this the first black heavy weight champion of the world Jack Johnson some time around the early 1900,s by beating Jess Willard for the heavy weight championship.
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Mantings
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Posted: Saturday December 6th, 2003 15:25 |
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Dr. Charles Drew
Invented Blood Banks and Established Them Around The World
Charles Richard Drew was born in Washington, D.C. on June 3, 1904. He received a Bachelor of Arts from Amherst University in 1926. He received a Medical Doctorate (M.D.) and Master of Surgery (C.M.) from McGill University, Montreal, Quebec in 1933. In 1940 Dr. Drew received a Doctor of Science in Medicine from Columbia University in 1940. Dr. Drew served as an Instructor in Pathology at Howard University in 1936 and as an Assistant in Surgery (1936). Charles Drew was made Professor of Surgery and Chief Surgeon for Freedmen's Hospital. Dr. Drew is responsible for organizing the concept of the Blood Bank. Dr. Drew researched in blood plasma for transfusion due to longer life of the blood with cells removed (plasma) while at Presbyterian Hospital in New York, NY. He organized a blood bank in London during World War II.
Last edited on Saturday December 6th, 2003 15:26 by
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Dillinger
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Posted: Sunday December 7th, 2003 06:50 |
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Garrett Augustus Morgan
Fascinating facts about Garrett Morgan inventor of the traffic light in 1923.
Garrett Augustus Morgan (1877-1963), is best known for his invention of the automatic traffic signal. He also is the inventor of the gas mask, used by firemen in the early 1900s and by soldiers in World War I.
Morgan was born on March 4, 1877, in Paris, Kentucky, the seventh of eleven children. His formal education ended with fifth grade at 14 years old at which time he left home and moved about until he ended up in Cleveland. In 1901 he sold his first
invention, a sewing machine sales and repair shop and then a tailoring shop two years later. While trying to repair a sewing machine he created and patented the first chemical human hair straightener.
Financially secure, Morgan focused his attention on other ideas. In 1912 he developed a gas mask and the traffic signal in 1923.
rember all you have to do is post no more than 2 pieces of historical facts per day without giving information that has already been posted on this thread (its all about sharing info).
Last edited on Sunday December 7th, 2003 06:55 by Dillinger
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Sage
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Posted: Sunday December 7th, 2003 07:04 |
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Jack Roosevelt Robinson...aka Jackie Robinson although the first African American male to break major league baseball's color barrier in April of 1947...he was by no means the only brother to do that in the same year.
Following him into the history books for crossing the color line were...
Larry Doby..played for the Cleveland Indians July 5th, 1947
Henry Thompson and Willard Brown...Thompson and Brown were the first black teammates in the majors when they played together for the St.Louis Browns in July of 1947
Dan Bankhead...played with the Brooklyn Dodgers in August of 1947Last edited on Sunday December 7th, 2003 07:06 by Sage
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Kunjufu
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Posted: Sunday December 7th, 2003 07:25 |
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[font="" MS? Trebuchet]
Kwame Ture our Revolutionary Young Ancestor
Debilitated by a cancer that resulted from years of perpetual and constant attacks of the co-intelpro operation, Brother Kwame joined our ancestors Nov 15th 1998. But his spirit and mind have transcended his physical death; as both entities find full expression and new lives in the form of the All-African People's Revolutionary Party and in the context of the struggle for Pan-Africanism.
Kwame Ture in life was the living embodiment of African national liberation and scientific socialism; of Pan-Africanism.
As our Young Ancestor -- he still stands for those very same things. What he will be remembered for most is his uncompromising commitment to fight for our people in our struggle to build Pan-Africanism, and achieve power, peace and freedom; and prosperity.
His long work in support/on behalf of the PLO, the Irish Republican movement, AIM, Cuba, Libya, revolutionary Korea, the Nation of Islam, his work serving the mass Pan-Africanist parties, the PDG, PAC, NJAC, and many other organizations and movements, speak to his determination. Each of these things were/are great stimulus for the further growth and development of the people's consciousness, and Pan-Africanism.
Because of his great contribution to the struggle for justice all over the world; and for all peoples, -- his anti-imperialist war and anti-militarist activities, his participation in environmentalist, constitutional, civil, gender equality, and civic struggles, he has served the interest of many millions of people who had never seen him or heard him speak. This is the universal legacy of our great young Ancestor Kwame.
In life Kwame was a man of the people, in death he has become a critical part of the people's collective conscience and personality. This is the continuing significance of our great leader, comrade and friend, Brother Kwame Ture.
As Minister Louis Farrakhan observed: "Lives that are lived for personal gain and aggrandizement are lives that are lived in vain. The value of those lives in the eyes of Allah (God) and history are very little. Every life lived, to ensure that the eternal principles of freedom, justice and equality are gained and enjoyed by those who are deprived of these essentials of life, are the most valuable of human lives.
Kwame Ture's life has not been lived for personal gain. Therefore, his life is one of the most valuable lives among our people. So, whatever he gives his life for, it becomes the duty of those of us who remains behind to ensure that this valuable life and what he gave it for will be carried into fruition. "
Last edited on Sunday December 7th, 2003 07:29 by Kunjufu
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Philgreg
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Posted: Tuesday December 9th, 2003 04:43 |
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William Davidson was a Co Conspiritor in a plan to blow up Parliament.
 William Davidson was born in Kingston Jamaica in 1786 and he travelled to Britain at the age of 14. He married an English Woman who had four sons and they set up home in Maryleborne. Davidson was appalled by the Peterloo Massacre in which 11 unarmed demonstrators had been killed and over 500 injured.
In response to this he joined the Maryleborne reading society to better educate himself. He held meetings at his house where radicals who opposed the government would gather, talk tactics and practise military drills.
Reports held today by the public records office show that the group was infiltrated by police informants who kept track on the meetings and records of the group. spy and agent provocateur called George Edwards, who repeatedly advocated
such measures as blowing up parliament. The conspirators rejected these schemes because they did not want to harm innocent MPs. Eventually using a phoney article in the Times, Edwards was able to entrap the Cat Street conspirators in a plot to murder the cabinet at the Grosvenor Square House of Lord Harrowby.
The group fell into the governments trap and were arrested before they embarked.
 Thistlewood and Davidson were among those arrested. They were tried for high treason, found guilty and were sentenced to be hung beheaded and Quartered. However an act of Clemency by the King saved them from being Quartered.
On May the 1st 1820 the largest ever crowd assembled for an execution. the crowd was split into 2 ,groups by ranks of Lifeguard, Blackfriars Bridge was guarded by 100 men, Artillery men and six guns. The men were hanged and beheaded outside the debtors door of Newgate Jail. The crowd reportedly were wild with fury and chants of Murder rung out!
This was the last Public Decapitation in England!
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Saida.M
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Posted: Tuesday December 9th, 2003 05:11 |
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| Hummph, above was probably innocent that's why the crowd yelled out murder.
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People readily believe lies before they believe the truth
"One of the heads of the beast seemed to have been fatally wounded, but the wound had healed. The whole earth was amazed and followed the beast".
Good News Bible. Rev. Ch.13 V.3
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Kwese
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Posted: Tuesday December 9th, 2003 05:56 |
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Considered the most inventive black American inventor of the 19th century, Granville T. Woods received 45 invention patents from the U.S. Patent Office.
He was awarded 25 patents between 1884 and 1900, and 20 additional patents between 1901 and 1907. This count is based on the U.S. Patent Office Records.
According to one source, Granville was born free on April 23, 1856 in Columbus, Ohio. However, there is also an earlier source, based on an interview given by Woods during his lifetime, that says he was born in Australia to an aborigine father and a Malaysian mother and moved to the United States with his parents when he was a boy.
Some of Granville T. Woods' creations included improvements to electric railways, air brakes, telephones and telegraphs, a chicken egg incubator, and an apparatus for an amusement park ride.
 Granville T. Woods
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HAITI: The First Black Republic In The World
Toussaint L'Ouverture was born a slave near Cap-Haitian. His grandfather was king of the "Arada" tribe in Africa before being brought to Saint Domingue. Toussaint who became a freed Negro learned to read and write at 50. When Napoleon Bonaarte sent a French expedition to reestablish slavery in the island, Toussaint fought against General Leclerc and declared himself governor of Haiti. Known as the "Black Spartacus", and the "Precursor" of independence of Haiti, Toussaint is one of the founders and heroes of Haiti.
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Sage
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Posted: Saturday January 31st, 2004 22:22 |
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I wanted to bump this up since here in the US we are about to observe Black History Month.
Jewel Plummer Cobb
biologist, physiologist
Born: 1/17/1924
Birthplace: Chicago, Ill.
Jewel Plummer Cobb has had wide-ranging influence in the sciences. Awarded a Ph.D. in cell physiology from New York University in 1950, she has served as a researcher, a college professor and administrator, as well as a staunch supporter for greater minority participation in scientific careers. Much of Cobb's research has been focused on the skin pigment melanin, and her most significant research has been with testing new chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer cells, the impact of which continues. She has held several teaching and administrative positions at major universities. From 1960 to 1969, she was a professor at Sarah Lawrence College. From 1969 to 1976 she served as Dean and Professor of Zoology at Connecticut College. From 1976 to 1981, Cobb served as Dean and Professor of Biology at Douglass College, the women's college at Rutgers University. From 1981 to 1990 Cobb was President of California State University at Fullerton where she spearheaded efforts to increase the quality and diversity of both the student population and the faculty. A supporter of equal access to educational and professional opportunity, Cobb has written often about racial and sexual discrimination in the sciences, and has raised funds to allow more minorities to enter into the field. Since her retirement, Cobb, who was named President and Professor of Biological Science, Emerita at California State University at Fullerton and Trustee Professor at California State University at Los Angeles, has continued her research
Benjamin Banneker
mathematician, astronomer, surveyor
Born: 11/9/1731
Birthplace: Ellicott's Mills, Md.
Benjamin Banneker has been called the first African American intellectual. Self-taught, after studying the inner workings of a friend's watch, he made one of wood that accurately kept time for more than 40 years. Banneker taught himself astronomy well enough to correctly predict a solar eclipse in 1789. From 1791 to 1802 he published the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia Almanac and Ephemeris, which contained tide tables, future eclipses, and medicinal formulas. It is believed to be the first scientific book published by an African American. Also a surveyor and mathematician, Banneker was appointed by President George Washington to the District of Columbia Commission, which was responsible for the survey work that established the city's original boundaries. When the chairman of the committee, Pierre Charles L'Enfant, suddenly resigned and left, taking the plans with him, Banneker reproduced the plans from memory, saving valuable time. A staunch opponent of slavery, Banneker sent a copy of his first almanac to then-Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson to counter Jefferson's belief in the intellectual inferiority of blacks.
Died: 10/9/1806
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obal85
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Posted: Sunday February 1st, 2004 13:41 |
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TO ATHABA,
U wrote: In 1964, (December 10), Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Martin Luther King Jr. at ceremonies in Oslo, Norway. He was the third black and the youngest person to receive the award.
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Respectfully.......i say to hell with Nobel Prize.....u r only making a big deal out of this cos it was invented by whites.......Alfred Nobel was not black......y do u have to make a big deal out of it.......Do whites make a big deal out of black awards or black whatever.
Last edited on Thursday August 5th, 2004 03:34 by obal85
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Sage
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Posted: Sunday February 1st, 2004 23:42 |
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Romare Bearden
Romare Bearden , 1914–88, American painter and collagist, b. Charlotte, N.C. Bearden grew up in Harlem and, in his work, attempted to come to terms with the experience of African Americans. Although his early work involved religious themes, his later production showed a greater connection with jazz and its relation to the art of collage. He is also noted for his prints in a variety of media, e.g., the lithographs in “Jazz Series� (1979). In the 1960s, he was a founder of the Cinque Gallery, which was intended to help young artists, and the Spiral Group, which aided African-American artists.
 Source:Allposters
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Katherine Dunham
 Source:Theblackcollegian
Dunham, Katherine , 1909–, American dancer, choreographer, and anthropologist, b. Chicago. She studied anthropology at the Univ. of Chicago, where she began her studies on dances of the Caribbean. In addition to teaching anthropology, from the late 1930s until the 1960s, she directed her own dance company, which toured the United States and Europe. Her choreography combines Caribbean and African movements and rhythms with those of modern dance. In 1965, she accepted a position as adviser to the cultural ministry of Senegal. In 1967, she became director of the Performing Arts Training Center at the East St. Louis branch of Southern Illinois Univ., where she works with youth groups. Through her choreography, teaching, and appearances in different media, she brought African dance to the attention of the public and exerted tremendous influence on the evolution of modern dance. Her works include Chorus and Bal Negre. She also choreographed the film Cabin in the Sky (1940) and Aida (1963) at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
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bluehoney
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Posted: Monday February 2nd, 2004 08:21 |
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i started a black history thread..but no one replied 
http://www.blackfacts.com/
http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/BHM/bh_hotlist.html
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Sage
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Posted: Monday February 2nd, 2004 20:38 |
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 @ Bluehoney...this thread was started by Dillinger in December 2003...
Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune , 1875–1955, American educator, b. Mayesville, S.C., grad. Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, 1895. The 17th child of former slaves, she taught (1895–1903) in a series of southern mission schools before settling in Florida to found (1904) the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls. From 1904 to 1942 and again from 1946 to 1947, she served as president of the institute, which, after merging with Cookman Institute (1923), became Bethune-Cookman College. A leader in the American black community, she founded the National Council of Negro Women (1935) and was director (1936–44) of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration. In addition, she served as special adviser on minority affairs to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. At the 1945 conference that organized the United Nations, she was a consultant on interracial understanding.
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Asa Philip Randolph
Randolph, Asa Philip, 1889–1979, U.S.. labor leader, b. Crescent City, Fla., attended the College of the City of New York. As a writer and editor of the black magazine The Messenger, which he helped to found, Randolph became interested in the labor movement. In 1917 he organized a small union of elevator operators in New York City. After an unsuccessful campaign for the office of New York secretary of state on the Socialist ticket, he devoted his energies to organizing the Pullman car porters, a group of black workers he had tried to organize earlier. Despite bitter opposition by the Pullman Company, Randolph eventually won recognition for the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, pay increases, and shorter hours. Randolph was elected president of the union when it was formed in 1925. An untiring fighter for civil rights, he organized (1941) the March on Washington Movement in protest against job discrimination. This movement, although it did not culminate in a march, is credited with hastening the establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Committee during World War II. Randolph was also one of the most prominent leaders in the fight against segregation in the armed forces. His election to a vice presidency of the AFL-CIO in 1955 was, in part, in recognition of his efforts to eliminate racial discrimination in the organized labor movement. In 1963, Randolph was director of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, one of the largest civil-rights demonstrations ever conducted in the United States. The A. Philip Randolph Institute was founded in 1964 by Randolph and others to serve and promote cooperation between labor and the black community. Randolph retired from the presidency of the union in 1968, although he continued in his position as a vice president of the AFL-CIO.
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Posted: Wednesday February 4th, 2004 23:38 |
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Redd Foxx
comedian, actor
Born: 12/9/22
Birthplace: St. Louis, Missouri
African-American comedian who made his mark in the TV smash Sanford and Son (1972–77) after many years of odd jobs and short stretches on the night club circuit, including a kitchen job with Malcolm Little who would later be known as Malcolm X. Foxx hit it big in Las Vegas in 1968, but didn't make the celluloid jump until the 1970 film Cotton Comes to Harlem. The role brought him to the attention of producers Bud Yorkin and Norman Lear who decided to cast Foxx in Sanford and Son, his first major success. The show was followed by others, including The Redd Foxx Comedy Hour (1977–78) and the Redd Foxx Show (1986). He later co-edited The Redd Foxx Encyclopedia of Black Humor (1977).
Died: 10/11/91
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Angela Davis
Angela Yvonne Davis, 1944–, African-American political activist, b. Birmingham, Ala. She taught philosophy (1969–70) at the Univ. of California, Los Angeles, until she was finally denied reappointment because of her membership in the Communist party and her advocacy of radical black causes. In Aug., 1970, she went into hiding after a gun legally registered to her was used in an attempted courtroom escape in which a judge and three others were killed. Apprehended two months later, she was tried on charges of conspiracy, murder, and kidnapping (1972). After months in prison, she was released on bail and later acquitted. She has since taught at San Francisco State Univ. (1979–91) and the Univ. of California at Santa Cruz (1992–). Davis was the American Communist party's vice-presidential candidate in 1980 and 1984.
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Sage
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Posted: Sunday February 8th, 2004 21:00 |
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Ida B. Wells-Barnett
 SpartacusSchoolnet
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
journalist, activist
Born: 1862
Birthplace: Holly Springs, Miss.
Her parents were slaves when Wells was born and died from yellow fever when she was 14. By 1891 Wells was an outspoken, young free woman. That year she helped found the newspaper Memphis Free Speech and began to publish articles denouncing the outbreak of lynchings in the South. Wells's influence grew to the point where she was no longer safe living in Memphis, and so she moved to Chicago in 1892. There she continued to work tirelessly to promote civil rights and women's suffrage. Wells became one of the original founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Died: 1931
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Langston Hughes
 Biography/A&E
(James Langston Hughes), 1902–67, American poet and central figure of the Harlem Renaissance, b. Joplin, Mo., grad. Lincoln Univ., 1929. He worked at a variety of jobs and lived in several countries, including Mexico and France, before Vachel Lindsay discovered his poetry in 1925. The publication of The Weary Blues (1926), his first volume of poetry, enabled Hughes to attend Lincoln Univ. in Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1929. His writing, which often uses dialect and jazz rhythms, is largely concerned with depicting African American life, particularly the experience of the urban African American. Among his later collections of poetry are Shakespeare in Harlem (1942), One-Way Ticket (1949), and Selected Poems (1959). Hughes's numerous other works include several plays, notably Mulatto (1935); books for children, such as The First Book of Negroes (1952); and novels, including Not Without Laughter (1930). His newspaper sketches about Jesse B. Simple were collected in The Best of Simple (1961).
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Moczuczor
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Posted: Monday February 9th, 2004 02:26 |
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I'd like to share with everyone my favorite poet of all time he is an enormous inspiration to British black people, and to the rest of the world:-
Dr Benjamin Obadiah Iqbal Zephaniah was born in Birmingham England but spent some of his early years in Jamaica where he absorbed much of the music, poetry and what he calls 'street politics' which strongly influences his later work.
Termed a 'born failure' by one teacher, Benjamin had a difficult school life, he later found out that he was dyslexic, and after being sent to an approved school he spent some time at Her Majesty's Pleasure. As Benjamin says, prison proved to be a turning point in his life, it was then he decided, 'I'm going to use this energy differently. I've got the talent to be a poet…I wanted to educate myself, be a bit more spiritual, a bit more political.'
- Soon after this he started publishing poetry for adults, but it was in performance that the Dud (Reggae) Poet would cause a revolution, injecting new life into the British poetry scene: 'I can't say anything about the rules of poetry because I've broken them all. Everyone says you shouldn't do this or that, but I do it!'
Poetry Review
Benjamin's mission was to take poetry everywhere. He has read all around the world, from Argentina to Palestine, in prisons, theatres, youth clubs, demonstrations, taking poetry to those who don't read books. As he says, 'I was one of those kids that kept asking Why? Once I received some of the answers, I realized that those in authority were not right, so I could not go along with them.' His poetry was musical, radical, relevant - and on TV. It was once said of him that he was Britain's most filmed and identifiable poet.
Last edited on Monday February 9th, 2004 02:43 by Moczuczor
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Moczuczor
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Posted: Monday February 9th, 2004 02:35 |
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Diane Abbott
First black British woman MP
Representing the London constituency of Hackney North and Stoke Newington, Diane Abbott was Britain's first Black woman MP.
Born on September 27th, 1953, in London of Jamaican parents, Abbott was educated at Harrow County Girls' Grammar School and Newnham College, Cambridge, with an MA in History. A journalist by profession, she worked as an administrative trainee with the Home Office; Race Relations Officer for the National Council for Civil Liberties; a reporter with TV AM and Thames Television; Public Relations Officer with the GLC and Head of Lambeth Council's Press Office.
Abbott was active in the Black Sections movement within the Labour Party and in community politics, including OWAAD (Organisation of Women of African and Asian Descent); the "Scrap Sus" campaign to ban police stop-and-search tactics levelled at Black youth, and was a founder member of the Black Media Workers' Organisation.
Active for many years in the Trades Union movement, particularly on race equality issues, Ms Abbott served for a year as Britain's first Black female Equality Officer in the Association of Cinematographers Television and Allied Technicians.
She also served as an elected local councillor in the London Borough of Westminster for four years, during which she was a member of the Environment, Grants and Social Services.
Diane Abbott was married to David Thompson until a divorce in the mid-90s, she has one son by that marriage. She is also founder and president of the organisation Black Women Mean Business.
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\"The bad talk And the cool walk Will not keep us out of jail.\"
Dr. Benjamin Zephaniah
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Moczuczor
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Posted: Monday February 9th, 2004 02:39 |
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Lord David Pitt
Medic, political pioneer and labour peer for Hamstead London England
The late Lord David Pitt of Hampstead was the longest serving black Parliamentarian, having been granted a life peerage in 1975. He spent his life speaking out for the underrepresented black community in Great Britain.
Born on the island of Grenada in the West Indies, David Pitt attended Grenada Boys' Secondary school and was raised a devout Roman Catholic. In 1932 he won Grenada's only overseas scholarship to attend the prestigious medical school at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. After graduating with honours, he returned to the West Indies in 1938 and practiced medicine in St. Vincent and Trinidad. There he met and married Dorothy Alleyne; they had three children.
In 1943 Pitt helped found the West Indian National Party and served as its president until 1947. This party was considered radical in its day because it advocated independence for Trinidad within a West Indian federation. He won election to the borough council in San Fernando, Trinidad, where he also served as deputy mayor. In order to lobby the British government for independence, he travelled to Great Britain in 1947. His efforts were unsuccessful, and he grew disillusioned with West Indian politics. He decided to settle in the London district of Euston, where he established a medical practice that he ran for more than 30 years.
In the 1950s, Pitt was one of the few blacks active in defending the growing black population of Great Britain against discrimination and prejudice. In the 1960s and 1970s, he organized to help immigrants and improve race relations. Pitt became the first and only chair of the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination (CARD), an association founded with the encouragement of Martin Luther King Jr. Pitt believed in fighting racism within the existing power structure. In 1959 Pitt sought to represent London's wealthy Hampstead district in Parliament, becoming the first West Indian black to seek a seat in Parliament. After a campaign plagued by racist insinuations, Pitt lost the election.
In 1961, however, Pitt won election representing the ethnically mixed, working-class Hackney district in London's city government, the London County Council (LCC). In 1964 this body was absorbed by the Greater London Council (GLC). He served as deputy chair of the GLC from 1969 to 1970 and in 1974 became the first black chair, a post he held until 1975. Pitt paved the way for the multiracial politics for which the GLC became known.
In 1970 Pitt ran for Parliament again, this time as a candidate in London's Clapham district, a secure Labour seat that many believed he would win. He lost by an unusually large margin; race undoubtedly played a large role in his defeat. He was bitterly disappointed, and did not attempt to run for Parliament again.
In 1975 Prime Minister Harold Wilson appointed Pitt to the House of Lords as Lord Pitt of Hampstead. According to Pitt himself, however, his most valued honour was his election as president of the British Medical Association from 1985 to 1986, a position few general practitioners achieve. After his death, many lamented that Pitt "should have been the first Labour Member of Parliament."
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\"The bad talk And the cool walk Will not keep us out of jail.\"
Dr. Benjamin Zephaniah
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Sage
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Posted: Friday February 13th, 2004 21:42 |
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Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith, 1894–1937, American singer, b. Chattanooga, Tenn. About 1910 Smith became the protégée of Gertrude (Ma) Rainey, one of the earliest blues singers. After working in traveling shows she went to New York City, where she made (1923–28) recordings, accompanied by such outstanding artists as Louis Armstrong, Fletcher Henderson, and James P. Johnson. She quickly became the favorite singer of the jazz public. The power and somber beauty of her voice, coupled with songs representing every variety of the blues, earned her the title “Empress of the Blues.� Around 1928, changing popular taste and her growing alcoholism led to a decline in her popularity. Though she continued to tour, her last years were embittered. She died after an automobile accident while on tour in Mississippi, the circumstances of which are discussed in Edward Albee's play The Death of Bessie Smith (1960). Numerous critics regarded her as the greatest of all jazz artists, and her fame increased enormously after her death.
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Butterfly McQueen
 Source:tvtome
(Thelma McQueen)
actress
Born: 1/8/11
Birthplace: Tampa, Florida
Stage and film actress best remembered for her part in film history with Gone With the Wind (1939). McQueen received her nickname of “Butterfly� when she appeared in the Harlem Theater group's production of Midsummer Night's Dream in the Butterfly ballet sequence. Despite the notice she received from her role in Gone With the Wind, roles became harder to get and she was out of films by the 1950s. She worked at various jobs, including waitress at a soul food restaurant, a receptionist, and dance instructor between occasional acting jobs in small parts on Broadway. She received a bachelor's degree in political science in 1975 from New York's City College at the age of 64 and had a radio show in Augusta, Georgia before she died in a fire that consumed her one-bedroom cottage.
Died: 12/22/95
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CeeCee
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Posted: Tuesday February 17th, 2004 19:10 |
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Dillenger,
I fully agree with you. Black history is something that not only should Black people should learn about themselves, but for everybody else to learn as well and I say that because there are so many people who have no idea about Black people in terms of the impact they have made to society. Even myself, I've learned( and still learning) about the bigwigs about Black history like Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks etc i but even the lesser known African-Americans(in my case) who have made some really great contributions to the world. I agree with Radio personality, Tom Joyner , Black history should be a one month event, this should be a requirement for all people to learn it because too often, everybody knows about the stereotypes about us, but no the truth and that is all that they know.
Far as me knowing about Black history I know that
1) That it wasn't Oprah Winfrey who became the first African-American billionaire. It was the founder of BET Robert( I forgot what his last name is). He has also made history by being the first black person to have sole ownership of his own sports team-The Charlotte Bobcats. Congrats to him!
2)Dr. Daniel Hale- was first Black man to perform open heart surgery
3) Dr Ben Carson- Well known neurosurgeon
4) Carter T. Woodson- founder of Black History Month.
Also think about those lesser known Black people that were responsible for
inventing
Urinalysis machines
Cell phones
shoes
sewing machine
ticket machines
toilet stools
etc....I'm not through but I 'll stop here for the time being
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Sage
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Posted: Saturday February 21st, 2004 13:32 |
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The Greensboro Four
civil rights activists
On Feb. 1, 1960 four black freshmen at North Carolina A&T State University, Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair, Jr., and David Richmond, took seats at the segregated lunch counter of F. W. Woolworth's in Greensboro, N.C. They were refused service and sat peacefully until the store closed. They returned the next day, along with about 25 other students, and their requests were again denied. The Greensboro Four inspired similar sit-ins across the state and by the end of February, such protests were taking place across the South. Finally in July, Woolworth's integrated all of its stores. The four have become icons of the civil rights movement.
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Dr. Mae C. Jemison
physician, astronaut
Born: 10/17/1956
Birthplace: Decatur, Ala.
Astronaut Mae Jemison became the first African-American woman to enter space when she served on the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavor in September 1992. Jemison's life, however, is also full of terrestrial accomplishments. A high school graduate at the age of 16, she attended Stanford University on a scholarship, graduating with a B.S. degree in chemical engineering and having fulfilled the requirements for an A.B. in African and Afro-American Studies. After graduating from medical school (Cornell University, 1981), Jemison joined the Peace Corps, serving as its area medical officer from 1983 to 1985 in the West African countries of Sierra Leone and Liberia. After serving in NASA from 1987 to 1993, Jemison founded The Jemison Group, Inc., which developed ALAFIYA, a satellite-based telecommunications systems intended to improve health care delivery in developing nations. She also was a professor in the Environmental Studies Program at Dartmouth College, where she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries.
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Sista Africa
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Posted: Saturday February 21st, 2004 14:55 |
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| Brilliant picture of Kwame Nkrumah
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Sista Africa
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Posted: Saturday February 21st, 2004 15:05 |
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Constance Cummings-John
Champion of African People and African Women"
 Constance Cummings-John
Constance Cummings-John was born in Freetown, Sierra Leone in 1918. In 1935 she began to travel. During this period (1935) while living in London she was influenced by two African organizations, the West African Students' Union and the League of Colored Peoples (she became a member of the executive board of the latter.)
Constance Cummings-John was a politician in both pre- and post-colonial Sierra Leone who campaigned for African women's rights
In 1936 she visited America and saw and felt the practice of its jim crow laws. Upon her return to London she became active in the International African Service Bureau(IASB). Some of the members of the IASB included I.T. A. Wallace, George Padmore and Amy Ashwood Garvey. In 1937 Cummings-John became apart of the West African Youth League (WAYL). She along with four other women were members of the WAYL Central Committee, these women insured that the concerns of women were not ignored.
Constance Cummings-John remained steadfast in her efforts to serve the people. In 1961 Sierra Leone gained its independence. In 1964 she became the first African woman to win the position of mayor of Freetown. Years later she returned to London and continued to champion Pan-Africanism.
In 1966 the educationist and pioneer of African women's rights Constance Cummings-John, who died aged 82, became the first African woman to become mayor of a major African city. It was her birthplace, Freetown in Sierra Leone.
A member of the old Krio (then called Creole) elite, she was the daughter of Freetown's city treasurer, and educated at the leading girls' schools in the then British colony. She trained as a teacher in London. Sponsored by a colonial office loan, she studied vocational education in the United States in the 1930s. It was the vicious racism she encountered there that led her, back in London, to become involved with the International African Service Bureau founded by the Sierra Leone anti-colonialist ITA Wallace-Johnson.
Back in Freetown she became principal of the African Methodist Episcopal Girls' Industrial School. But when Wallace-Johnson began the whirlwind campaign that revolutionised West African politics, she joined him in inaugurating his West African Youth League. In 1938, still only 20, she was overwhelmingly elected to Freetown municipal council.
With the war, Wallace-Johnson was interned, and political life died down. Cummings-John, while continuing with her school duties, started a quarrying business. After being cheated or let down by male managers, she ran it very profitably herself.
Post-war she returned to the US, where her half-brother, Asdata Dafora Horton, was introducing African dance techniques to African-American dance.
She worked in a New York hospital and was associated with black political movements. Back home, she founded the Eleanor Roosevelt Preparatory School for Girls, financed by her quarrying business and by US fundraising.
On the city council, she campaigned for Freetown's market women, and in 1952 founded the Sierra Leone Women's Movement. This developed branches nationwide and boasted a women's trading co-operative, educational and welfare projects, and its own newspaper.
Cummings-John now turned to national politics. Colonial rule in Sierra Leone was based on the divide and rule principle of separating the coastal colony, with its Krio population (descendants of freed slaves), from the rest of the country, which was ruled as a protectorate.
When decolonisation began, the 1951 constitution gave power to the peoples of the protectorate, while Krio politicians founded their own party. But some younger Krio intellectuals, including Cummings-John, in the interest of national reconciliation, joined the protectorate politicians' Sierra Leone Peoples Party (SLPP).
Her fellow Krios condemned her as a traitor. When, at the 1957 election, she was elected to the house of representatives, they accused her of malpractice, and brought a court case in which she was given a prison sentence - quashed on appeal. She resigned her seat rather than face further humiliations.
Within the SLPP she unwisely associated herself with what became a losing faction, and was defeated in the 1962 post-independence election by a rival SLPP candidate. She abandoned national politics - and was rewarded in 1966 with Freetown's mayoralty.
Then, in 1967 the military staged a coup d'etat, and the city council was dissolved. Attending a conference out of the country at the time, she settled in Tooting, south London, where she became active in Labour politics and the disarmament movement. In 1976 she returned home and worked for the Sierra Leone Women's Movement (SLWM). But as conditions deteriorated, she went back to London.
In her autobiography, Memoirs Of A Krio Leader (1996), written with Ibadan university's LaRay Denzer, she was justly proud of her work with women and education. Of her political career she wrote that her major fault was naivety in ascribing her own loyalty, generosity and civil courage to her male associates - to the politicians whose rapacity has during the past 40 years brought her beloved country to ruin.
She was married to Ethnan Cummings-John, a lawyer and fellow Krio, who predeceased her. She is survived by two sons.
Constance Cummings-John, politician, born January 7 1918; died February 21 2000
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Sista Africa
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Posted: Saturday February 21st, 2004 15:25 |
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Amy Ashwood Garvey Born in Jamaica. As a child she lived seven years in Panama. Amy Ashwood Garvey helped to co-found the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and helped to build it into a world-wide mass Pan-African organization, with her husband Marcus Garvey. She helped to establish the ladies auxiliary wing of the movement, became the General Secretary of the UNIA in 1919 and became one of the directors of the Black Star Line shipping Company.
After she divorced Amy Ashwood travelled and wrote about matters concerning African and Africans. While living in London she owned a restaurant and it served as a meeting place for students and Pan-Africanist.
She was a founding member of the International African Service Bureau (IASB) and was instrumental in organizing the 5th Pan-African Congress in Manchester, England in 1945. Throughout her life she campaigned for the rights of African women.
 Amy Jacques Garvey
Amy Jacques Garvey was a pioneer Pan-African emancipator born in Kingston, Jamaica on December 31, 1885. She became the first lady of the Interim-Provisional Government of Africa - the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and African Communities League (ACL) in August 1920. She was the wife of the Right Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey - The Universal African Redeemer, and mother of two sons -- Marcus Garvey, Jr. and Julius Garvey.
Amy Jacques Garvey, like her husband, became a life-long toiler for Universal African Liberation and advancement. She was a very special person, pursuing a brilliant meaningful lifetime work of which every moment was dedicated to dissemination of the philosophy and principles of her beloved husband of race first, self-reliance and nationhood. Amy Jacques Garvey was an international organizer and race leader in her own right. In the cause for African Emancipation, her message was the same as her husband's -- "The hour of Black resurrection is at hand. Black man, Black woman, be up and doing for self and kind -- for you can achieve what you will." She was genuinely concerned with the plight of her fellow Africans and for this reason she toiled unceasingly from youth to old age to spread the teachings of African solidarity and independence. Mrs. Garvey was an exemplary politician and wife. She was best known as a publicist of Garveyism. In 1923, she edited and published Volume One of The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey (sub-titled Africa for the Africans), and in 1925, she compiled and published Volume Two. During that time, she was one of the editors of the Negro World Newspaper.
From 1919, when she became the Secretary General of the UNIA until her death, 54 years of her life was intricately bound up with the national liberation struggles of African people. She was a relentless enemy of colonialism and neo-colonialism. In her letters, essays, books and speeches, she always stressed the point that the imperialist must not be allowed to creep in at the back fence in disguise in independent African countries.
She aided and contributed financial assistance to the workers' movement in Nigeria. She was instrumental in organizing the fifth Pan African Congress held in 1945. Twenty-five years later, she visited West Africa at the invitation of Kwame Nkrumah. During the 1940s she labored for the Peoples National Party of Jamaica. She also was a sponsor of the 6th Pan African Congress which convened in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in 1974. In her final years between 1968-73, she had written and published Garvey and Garveyism (1963) and her collection of essays on Black Power in America and The Impact of Garvey in Africa and Jamaica.
Her activities in Jamaica and the United States from 1919 to 1940 prefaced the defeat of fascism and the irreversible disintegration of the colonial system which led to the upsurge and triumphs of the National Liberation Movement. Amy Jacques Garvey, who was in the forefront of this movement, wrote her seminal "A Memorandum Correlative of Africa, West Indies and the Americas" in 1944 which was sent to the representatives of the United Nations urging them to declare an "African Freedom Charter". She spent thousands of dollars in purchasing and mailing many pamphlets, leaflets and newspapers to Africa, the United States and Europe. She spent hours writing letters, articles and doing interviews and making speeches on Black Liberation. She refused to rest or accept payment for her work.
Amy Jacques Garvey died a fighter on July 25, 1973. Her work and memory serve the cause for which she stood. As a Pan African Patriot, Pioneering Nationalist, Political Scientist, Organizer, Journalist, Editor, Publisher, Philosopher, Mother, Wife and an immortal African Giant, she will live on forever for Black people the world over in memory of love and self-determination.
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Sista Africa
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Posted: Saturday February 21st, 2004 15:39 |
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AHMED SEKOU TOURE
Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinea (1922-1984).
Ahmed Sékou Touré was born in Guinea in 1922. The son of a Muslim farmer, Sékou Touré was educated in the Koran at an early age and then went on to a French technical school in Conakry at the age of 14. Sékou Touré was expelled in 1937, after only one year of training, and worked several different jobs until he passed his examination, qualifying him to take a position with the Post and Telecommunications (PTT) Service in 1941. In 1945 he became Secretary General of the PTT Workers' Union and a founding member of Houphouet-Boigny's Rassemblement Démocratique Africaine (RDA) in 1946. By 1956 Sékou Touré won the Parti Démocratique du Guinée (PDG) seat and became Mayor of Conakry. A staunch Anti-Gaullist, Sékou Touré led the resistance to the De Gaulle Referendum of 1958 proclaiming to De Gaulle: "We prefer poverty in liberty to riches in slavery."
Guinea gained its independence under Sékou Touré in 1958.
Sékou Touré's career as a poet was limited to his Poèmes militants (1978). A volume of revolutionary poetry. Poèmes militants reflects Sékou Touré's charismatic leadership style. It is a raw expression of his vision, void of encumbering description:
Revolution is exigency (Lines 1-10)
"Let us resolutely destroy
Any betrayer of the Nation
Let us nail to the post
The murderers of BOIRO
These weapon-monsters
And the infamous causes
They oppose to liberty
To the right and dignity
Of the great People ever-valiant
Always streaming of sweat:"
Africa (Lines 18-30)
I am Africa
The Continent of tomorrow!
Neo-colonialism
Ferocious as subtle
Wishes to keep in shackles
Both my Mind and my Wealth.
Of the evils plaguing me still,
Most debasing is irresponsibility
My Peoples, henceforth
Heroic resistants,
Have joined the battle:
Destroying in order to renew.
Even Sékou Touré's foray into the role of women is marked by his zeal for human reaction:
Woman of Africa (Lines 27-37, 53-64)
Women of Africa,
Women of the Revolution!
You will rise up to apex
You will journey endlessly
At a walking pace of the social Revolution,
To the rhythm of cultural progress,
In the train of economic boom
To the great and beautiful city
Of the exacting ends
And were in leading
Your brothers, your husbands and your children...
Women of Africa,
Women of the Revolution!
Equality is not offered,
It must be conquered.
To emancipate the women
Is to rid the society
Of its belmishes, its deformities.
The conquest of science,
The mastery of Technics
Will open to the Women the way
That of intra-social combat
Rendering her "subject and no longer object".
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Saida.M
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Posted: Saturday February 21st, 2004 15:48 |
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@Obal85
Respectfully.......i say to hell with Nobel Prize.....u r only making a big deal out of this cos it was invented by whites.......Alfred Nobel was not black......y do u have to make a big deal out of it.......Do whites make a big deal out of black awards or black whatever.
How am I making a big deal out this just because it is a white award? I typed about the Nobel Prize and Martin Luther King because it was a fact. Also, I don't know of any prestigious award ceremony similar to this originating and presented by 'blacks'. Do you?
P.S. I know who Alfred Nobel was. He invented a bomb then later regretted it, consequently turning his efforts towards peace.
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People readily believe lies before they believe the truth
"One of the heads of the beast seemed to have been fatally wounded, but the wound had healed. The whole earth was amazed and followed the beast".
Good News Bible. Rev. Ch.13 V.3
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Sista Africa
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Posted: Sunday February 22nd, 2004 13:08 |
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Isn't a BIG DEAL if the efforts of any of our people like Martin get rightfully recognised, doesn't seen a flood of pride rushing through most of us so lighten up Obal85 don't just reject soemthing for white's sake, reject for the right sake
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Sage
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Posted: Sunday February 22nd, 2004 23:03 |
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Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall, 1908–93, U.S.. lawyer and Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1967–91), b. Baltimore. He received his law degree from Howard Univ. in 1933. In 1936 he joined the legal staff of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. As its chief counsel (1938–61), he argued more than 30 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, successfully challenging racial segregation, most notably in higher education. His presentation of the argument against the “separate but equal� doctrine achieved its greatest impact with the landmark decision handed down in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954). His appointment to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1961 was opposed by some Southern senators and was not confirmed until 1962. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to the Supreme Court two years later; he was the first black to sit on the high court, where he consistently supported the position taken by those challenging discrimination based on race or sex, opposed the death penalty, and supported the rights of criminal defendants. His support for affirmative action led to his strong dissent in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978). As appointments by Presidents Nixon and Reagan changed the outlook of the Court, Marshall found himself increasingly in the minority; in retirement he was outspoken in his criticism of the court.
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Shirley Chisholm
Shirley Chisholm,1924–, U.S.. Congresswoman (1969–83), b. Brooklyn, N.Y. An expert on early childhood education, she worked (1959–64) as a consultant to the New York City bureau of child welfare before serving (1964–68) in the state assembly. Elected (1968) to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat, Chisholm became the first black woman to serve in that body. She quickly gained national attention as a vocal critic of the war in Vietnam and the House seniority system and as an outspoken advocate of the interests of the urban poor. An active member of the black Congressional caucus, Chisholm made an unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination. In 1993 she was nominated to be U.S. ambassador to Jamaica but withdrew because of ill health. She is the author of Unbought and Unbossed (1970) and The Good Fight (1973).
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CeeCee
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Posted: Monday February 23rd, 2004 17:23 |
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Ashanti,
I cartainly miss Thurgood's strengths on the Supreme Court. Clarence Thomas is just a plain embarassment to many minorities.
Dillinger,
Another Black history great, Bessie Coleman. She was the first African-American woman of aviation and Madam C.J. Walker who became a sucesful millionaire because of her hair care products.
Like I said from the beginning, I always look forward to Black history and the history doesn't necessarily have to be African-American. It's even better that I learn about Black greats from around the world as I'm seeing on here. It's a great thing that we have some great Black heroes/heroines and brains from all around the world. I've learned about some of those folks in the past, now I'm looking at some reading about the history of Black (Native American) Indians which is pretty interesting.
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Captain_America
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Posted: Saturday May 29th, 2004 21:26 |
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Hello to all:
I feel very blessed to find a Black UK forum that is discussing Black History. I'm currently trying to find out when black people began appearing in England in large numbers. 1600's? 1700's? Did they come directly from Africa, or were they people who were of African descent who arrived via various Caribbean islands? Were there ever black slaves in England? I would appreciate any help. I have put significant work into finding answers to these questions and have not been able to come up with answers.
God Bless,
Captain
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Saida.M
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Posted: Saturday May 29th, 2004 21:56 |
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@Captain_America
 To answer one of your points and to try to make it succinct, Britain kept their slaves in the West Indies. That is where the majority of the Africans went, via the 'trade' triangle.
The reason was because Britain had the largest and 'best' navy fleet in the world at at the time. The W.I., because they were islands, G.B. would be able to control/defend it more easily because of the navy.
If there were slaves in the UK, it was because the slavemasters brought them here from the W.I.
Now I could go much deeper and explain that 'black' people were on the earth first, explain about the ice age, explain about the white man; then carry on to explain that 'black' people were always here, blah, blah, blah, but because I knew what you meant when you asked your question, I won't!
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People readily believe lies before they believe the truth
"One of the heads of the beast seemed to have been fatally wounded, but the wound had healed. The whole earth was amazed and followed the beast".
Good News Bible. Rev. Ch.13 V.3
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Captain_America
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Posted: Saturday May 29th, 2004 22:31 |
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Thank you Lady Athaba. You are much too kind.
And for my man who thinks that being presented with a Nobel prize is no big deal just because the dude was white. You are acting like a child.
Alfred Nobel: A pretty good guy to win a prize from (regardless of race)
In Sweden, an explosion involving nitro-glycerin resulted in the death of Alfred Nobel‘s brother, convincing Alfred that a safer alternative must be developed. Eventually, he discovered that by mixing nitro-glycerin with silica, the end product could be molded into cylinder shapes, and was not greatly affected by minor fluctuations in temperature and pressure. In 1867 he patented the product, calling it dynamite. It was five times more powerful than gunpowder so it quickly became a sought after commodity in the world of mining and construction. Dynamite was used the world over, for work such as blasting the Alpine Tunnel on the St. Gotthard rail line and cutting the Corinth Canal in Greece.
Within a few years, Nobel’s company was selling Dynamite all over the world.
Although he spent the majority of his life developing explosives, Nobel was essentially a pacifist. In his later years he drew up a will, stating that he wished the majority of his nine million dollar fortune to be used to fund awards that would be given to those who have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind in different fields of study (Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Physiology and Medicine, Peace).
The first Nobel awards were handed out in 1901, five years after his death. The Nobel foundation had been set up to organize and structure the awards. Since their inception the Nobel prizes have come to be recognized as the highest honor a person can receive in a particular area of study.
Although Alfred Nobel made an important discovery as a scientist, that of dynamite, and used his powers as an industrialist to produce and then sell the product, is best remembered for his legacy. Through his will, outstanding artists, scientists and humanitarians alike have been able to push through their invaluable work for the good of humankind.
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obal85
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Posted: Sunday May 30th, 2004 04:37 |
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TO AMERICA,
U wrote: Alfred Nobel: A pretty good guy to win a prize from (regardless of race). Although he spent the majority of his life developing explosives, Nobel was essentially a pacifist.
Yea right a pretty good guy and pacifist indeed...I suggest u read between the lines....a pacifist invented something that caused destruction?.....Here is a simple analogy for ya.....its like a nazi advocate inventing a nuclear bomb for Hitler......u r not making sense....in addition, i have nothing against Martin Luther King as he was a good minded bloke......The problem i have with uncle tom like is if Nobel prize was named after a black person....u would not had taken it very seriously....People like u r on the increase numerically in black communties wherever....I could care less if Alfred Nobel invented cure for HIV virus. I suggest u research ur history and stop being uncle tommy.
Last edited on Monday January 10th, 2005 05:13 by obal85
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