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DSP
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Posted: Wednesday January 24th, 2007 14:04 |
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Yorkshire link with Africa revealed in genetic study
By Steve Connor, Science Editor
Published: 24 January 2007
White men with a rare Yorkshire surname have been found to be descended from black African ancestors who came to Britain many centuries ago.
A study of Caucasian men who share the same English surname has found that they also share a type of Y chromosome that has previously been found only in men living in west Africa.
Scientists believe the findings show that Africans who came to Britain as Roman soldiers nearly 2,000 years ago or as slaves after the 16th centuryleft a line of descendants.
The results are the first genetic evidence of black Africans living in Britain centuries before the influx from Commonwealth countries with black populations in the mid-20th century.
The researchers say they have to keep the Yorkshire surname confidential - it begins with the letter "R" - because they would need permission to release it from everyone with the surname who took part in the study.
Professor Mark Jobling of Leicester University said the men are white and did not know they had black ancestry until his team pointed out that they had a type of Y chromosome that could only come from west Africa.
"The Y chromosome is passed down from father to son, so this suggested Mr R must have had African ancestry somewhere down the line. Our study suggests that this must have happened some time ago," he said. The type of Y chromosome is known as hgA1 and was found in seven out of 18 men who shared the same surname. Only 25 other men have the same Y chromosome, all from west Africa.
Because of the west African connection, it is more likely that the origin of the gene in Britain lies with the slave trade which was heavily based in the region, although a garrison of Moors was installed by the Romans when they were building Hadrian's Wall.
The study is published in the European Journal of Human Genetics.
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YankeeJamaRican
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Posted: Wednesday January 24th, 2007 15:10 |
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That is a really interesting story.
I understand the Caldicott/confidentiality argument but I cannot help but feel that these families want to keep their African-ness under wraps. Do you suppose it would be kept secret if these ancestors were, say... Inuit?
I bet that name would be released with a quickness if they could benefit from it.
We should all roll up to Yorkshire and greet them with "Wat up, Blud?" and "Sup, homes?"
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DSP
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Posted: Wednesday January 24th, 2007 15:38 |
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YankeeJamaRican wrote: That is a really interesting story.
I understand the Caldicott/confidentiality argument but I cannot help but feel that these families want to keep their African-ness under wraps. Do you suppose it would be kept secret if these ancestors were, say... Inuit?
I bet that name would be released with a quickness if they could benefit from it.
We should all roll up to Yorkshire and greet them with "Wat up, Blud?" and "Sup, homes?"
Some of them are probably up in arms about it....
Probably feel like they got diagnosed with cancer or something.
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babygirl44
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Posted: Thursday January 25th, 2007 11:42 |
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| I for one don't know why scientests are surprised. Black people have been in Europe for hundreds if not thousands of years. You only have to go to The National Gallery and see paitings from the 1600s with black people in them. What happened to these black people? many of them must of procreated and as there wasn't a massive pool of other blacks to choose from, they would have married white people and bred themselves out. I have walked the streets and seen Scots and Northern English people who have that look that says that they are not 100% northern european. Look at Gary Bushell, he is 10% black, he never knew until recently but if you look at him closely you can see it. Them white people with that extra thick or curly hair or ful lips always strike me as having some African in them. I would say that places like Bristol and Liverpool where the first blacks went to probably have a sizable percentage of white people who aren't actually genetically 100% white but they would never admit to it.
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Tahliba
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Posted: Thursday January 25th, 2007 12:25 |
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| Where is the article from?
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Tahliba
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Posted: Thursday January 25th, 2007 12:25 |
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Gene tests on a sample of “indigenous� Englishmen have thrown up a surprise black ancestry, providing new insight into a centuries-old African presence in Britain.
The research, funded by the Wellcome Trust, identified a rare West African Y chromosome in a group of men from Yorkshire who share a surname that dates back at least as far as the mid-14th century and have a typical European appearance. They owe their unusual Y chromosome to an African man living in England at least 250 years ago and perhaps as early as Roman times, the researchers say.
Mark Jobling at the University of Leicester, UK, and colleagues recruited 421 men who described themselves as British and analysed their genes as part of a survey of British Y chromosome diversity. To the researchers’ surprise, they found that one individual in the study carried a very rare Y chromosome, called hgA1.
This particular variant has previously been identified in only 26 people worldwide, three African Americans and 23 men living in West African countries such as Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. “It’s so distinctive, it really sticks out like a sore thumb,� Jobling says of the chromosome’s unique sequence. He adds that it is virtually impossible for this sequence to have coincidentally evolved in Britain.
The white British subject with the hgA1 variant, however, knew of no African family connection.
Father to son
To explore the mysterious origin of his Y chromosome scientists recruited 18 other men that shared his rare surname, which dates back to the first use of surnames, hundreds of years ago, and was first recorded in the county of Yorkshire, in northern England. The researchers have not disclosed the surname to maintain the men’s privacy.
The team hoped that this would help them pinpoint when the hgA1 had variant entered the lineage, since Y chromosomes, like surnames, are passed from father to son.
Of the 18 men with the Yorkshire surname, six of them carried the hgA1 Y chromosome – including one man in the US, whose ancestors had migrated from England in 1894.
Genealogical records linked these men to two family trees, both dating back to the 1780s in Yorkshire. Jobling believes that these two genealogies are connected by a common male ancestor of West African descent living in England at least 250 years ago.
Viking capture
The British men carry an hgA1 Y chromosome that closely matches the one identified in men presently living in West Africa. This suggests that the former group’s black ancestor arrived in Britain within the past few thousand years. Had their hgA1 Y chromosome been introduced any thousands of years earlier, when humans first migrated from Africa to Europe, its sequence would have shown greater divergence from the one currently found in West Africa.
The hgA1 Y chromosome could perhaps have entered the gene pool in northern England 1800 years ago when Africans fought there as Roman soldiers, Jobling says. It also might have been introduced in the 9th century, when Vikings brought captured North Africans to Britain, according to some historians.
But scientists note that the majority of black men with the hgA1 variant currently live in Guinea-Bissau and nearby countries in West Africa. Because many slaves from this area came to Britain beginning in the mid-16th century, it is likely that the white men with the hgA1 variant have a black ancestor that arrived this way, researchers say.
This ancestor could have been a first-generation immigrant African or one whose family had lived in Britain for generations.
Famed writer
Jobling says his study provides the first evidence of a long-lived African presence in Britain. He adds that it raises the possibility that relationships among black and white people was perhaps more historically acceptable in Britain than some people might believe.
Vincent Brown of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, agrees and points to the example of Olaudah Equiano, a slave from West Africa who bought his freedom in Britain in the mid 18th century and achieved fame for his writing. Equiano lived in London and eventually married a white woman, notes Brown, who studies the history of slavery.
The new findings are unusual because they reveal the hidden African ancestry of white men, Jobling says. He notes that it is much more common for studies to discover or confirm the reverse. For example, gene tests gave strong evidence that the black descendents of the slave Sally Hemmings could also trace their ancestry to her "owner", the third US president, Thomas Jefferson (Nature, vol 396, p 27).
And several years ago, Jobling’s team found that more than a quarter of British African-Caribbean men have a Y chromosome which traces back to Europe rather than Africa.
Journal reference: European Journal of Human Genetics (DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201771)
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11018-genes-reveal-west-african-heritage-of-white-brits.html
Last edited on Thursday January 25th, 2007 13:00 by Tahliba
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sunnyflower
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Posted: Thursday January 25th, 2007 23:26 |
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Here is some more:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2757525.stm
Black Britons find their African roots
Beaula McCalla, a youth worker from the UK town of Bristol, never imagined that she would one day meet her relatives in Equatorial Guinea, 6,500 km away.
"It was like blood touching blood... It was like family," she said.
Beaula, an African-Caribbean descendent of slaves, was reunited with her long-lost family thanks to a unique genetic study undertaken for a BBC programme, Motherland: A Genetic Journey.
 A romantic ideal I had was shattered
Mark, a Kanuri from London
She says that she always thought of herself as an African but now she has the genetic proof, some 200 years, or 11 generations, after her ancestors were captured, taken across the Atlantic Ocean and made to work as slaves.
Tests showed that some of her ancestors were from the Bubi ethnic group, which live on the Equatorial Guinea island of Bioko.
In the village of Moka, eight people were found to have a common maternal ancestor with Beaula.
They welcomed her with open arms and gave her a piece of land.
"I was just crying, my eyes were just filled with tears, my heart was pounding. All I just kept thinking was: 'I'm going to my motherland,'" she said about her arrival in Equatorial Guinea.
"That completed the circuit."
Ethnic identities
Click here for a map of the slave trade
For the first time since the enslavement of their African ancestors and the eradication of their ethnic identities, advances in DNA analysis have now made it possible for individuals to discover from which African region or population group their families originated.
The study, the most comprehensive attempt so far to investigate the specific roots of the descendants of slaves, took anonymous DNA samples via a swab from inside the cheeks of 229 volunteers (109 men and 120 women).
The only criterion for all volunteers was that they had four African-Caribbean grandparents.
The universities of Cambridge and Leicester in the UK and Pennsylvania State in the United States analysed the DNA.
'Homecoming'
Mark Anderson, from south London, discovered that he has blood from the ethnic Kanuris who live in south-eastern Niger.
He was surprised to find his distant relatives living among the sand dunes of the Sahara desert, having imagined Africa to be full of lush forest.
Mark was surprised to find a desert in Africa
After this initial shock, he too had an emotional "homecoming" and chose a Kanuri name - Kaigama.
However, he later discovered that this was the name of a Kanuri slave-trader who captured and sold his kinsmen.
"A romantic ideal I had was shattered," he said. "This is a complex story."
In contrast, Jacqueline Harriott, a Peterborough schoolteacher, felt no connection with Africa and was pleased to discover that genetically, she is 28% European.
As well as individual ancestral profiles, the Motherland study also quantifies, for the first time, one of the most sensitive genetic legacies of the Transatlantic slave trade; the extent to which African female slaves were made pregnant by European slave-owners.
The study reveals that more than one in four British African-Caribbeans have white male ancestry on their direct father line.
Analysis showed that 27% of British African-Caribbean men have a Y chromosome (passed directly from father to son) that traces back to Europe, not Africa.
The autosomal study, investigating DNA inherited from all an individual's ancestors, demonstrated that on average, more than one in seven (13%) ancestors of today's Black Britons of Caribbean descent would be of European origin.
The BBC Documentary Motherland: A Genetic Journey will be broadcast on BBC 2 at 9pm on 14 February
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sunnyflower
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Posted: Friday January 26th, 2007 21:41 |
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Home > antenna > Genetic journey to the motherland > The Motherland journey >
Tracing African roots
Ever wanted to trace your family tree? For many Afro-Caribbeans, the only way to trace their African roots is through DNA testing. All other clues were lost when their ancestors were taken as slaves, over four hundred years ago.
Now, hundreds of British Afro-Caribbeans have discovered which part of Africa their forebears came from through the Motherland project.
Volunteers donated DNA samples, and geneticists compared them with samples from around the world, helping to pinpoint African family origins.
Jacqueline Harriott, Beaula McCalla and Mark Anderson all volunteered for the Motherland project.
http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/antenna/motherland/111.asprojectLast edited on Friday January 26th, 2007 21:50 by sunnyflower
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shakac
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Posted: Saturday January 27th, 2007 13:35 |
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A Scotish man that drinks in my local told me that his family decended from Africans that got ship wrecked there after the Spanish Armarda was dispersed through weather when coming to defeat the English.
Apparently alot of the spanish seamen were of African decent. I didn't believe him at the time as I thought it was him trying to justify his relationship with a sista. However after doing some research it appears to be true.
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mba
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Posted: Saturday January 27th, 2007 17:42 |
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I saw this story on BBC 24 when the scientist herself who had been helping with the studies explained that the guy who started the study did so because he found he had the chromosone that belonged to west africa.
Very interesting story and glad that the presenter mentioned that it should be no surprise since AFricans are knowing for being the original man and because africans touched down on english soil before the saxons did.
I'd LOVE to know the surname, but can understand those yorshire people wanting to get their head round their whole identity changing.
DSP wrote:
Yorkshire link with Africa revealed in genetic study
By Steve Connor, Science Editor
Published: 24 January 2007
White men with a rare Yorkshire surname have been found to be descended from black African ancestors who came to Britain many centuries ago.
A study of Caucasian men who share the same English surname has found that they also share a type of Y chromosome that has previously been found only in men living in west Africa.
Scientists believe the findings show that Africans who came to Britain as Roman soldiers nearly 2,000 years ago or as slaves after the 16th centuryleft a line of descendants.
The results are the first genetic evidence of black Africans living in Britain centuries before the influx from Commonwealth countries with black populations in the mid-20th century.
The researchers say they have to keep the Yorkshire surname confidential - it begins with the letter "R" - because they would need permission to release it from everyone with the surname who took part in the study.
Professor Mark Jobling of Leicester University said the men are white and did not know they had black ancestry until his team pointed out that they had a type of Y chromosome that could only come from west Africa.
"The Y chromosome is passed down from father to son, so this suggested Mr R must have had African ancestry somewhere down the line. Our study suggests that this must have happened some time ago," he said. The type of Y chromosome is known as hgA1 and was found in seven out of 18 men who shared the same surname. Only 25 other men have the same Y chromosome, all from west Africa.
Because of the west African connection, it is more likely that the origin of the gene in Britain lies with the slave trade which was heavily based in the region, although a garrison of Moors was installed by the Romans when they were building Hadrian's Wall.
The study is published in the European Journal of Human Genetics.
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mba
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Posted: Saturday January 27th, 2007 17:45 |
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I saw this story on BBC 24 when the scientist herself who had been helping with the studies explained that the guy who started the study did so because he found he had the chromosone that belonged to west africa.
Very interesting story and glad that the presenter mentioned that it should be no surprise since AFricans are knowing for being the original man and because africans touched down on english soil before the saxons did.
I'd LOVE to know the surname, but can understand those yorshire people wanting to get their head round their whole identity changing.
DSP wrote:
Yorkshire link with Africa revealed in genetic study
By Steve Connor, Science Editor
Published: 24 January 2007
White men with a rare Yorkshire surname have been found to be descended from black African ancestors who came to Britain many centuries ago.
A study of Caucasian men who share the same English surname has found that they also share a type of Y chromosome that has previously been found only in men living in west Africa.
Scientists believe the findings show that Africans who came to Britain as Roman soldiers nearly 2,000 years ago or as slaves after the 16th centuryleft a line of descendants.
The results are the first genetic evidence of black Africans living in Britain centuries before the influx from Commonwealth countries with black populations in the mid-20th century.
The researchers say they have to keep the Yorkshire surname confidential - it begins with the letter "R" - because they would need permission to release it from everyone with the surname who took part in the study.
Professor Mark Jobling of Leicester University said the men are white and did not know they had black ancestry until his team pointed out that they had a type of Y chromosome that could only come from west Africa.
"The Y chromosome is passed down from father to son, so this suggested Mr R must have had African ancestry somewhere down the line. Our study suggests that this must have happened some time ago," he said. The type of Y chromosome is known as hgA1 and was found in seven out of 18 men who shared the same surname. Only 25 other men have the same Y chromosome, all from west Africa.
Because of the west African connection, it is more likely that the origin of the gene in Britain lies with the slave trade which was heavily based in the region, although a garrison of Moors was installed by the Romans when they were building Hadrian's Wall.
The study is published in the European Journal of Human Genetics.
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mba
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Posted: Saturday January 27th, 2007 17:46 |
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I saw this story on BBC 24 when the scientist herself who had been helping with the studies explained that the guy who started the study did so because he found he had the chromosone that belonged to west africa.
Very interesting story and glad that the presenter mentioned that it should be no surprise since AFricans are knowing for being the original man and because africans touched down on english soil before the saxons did.
I'd LOVE to know the surname, but can understand those yorshire people wanting to get their head round their whole identity changing.
DSP wrote:
Yorkshire link with Africa revealed in genetic study
By Steve Connor, Science Editor
Published: 24 January 2007
White men with a rare Yorkshire surname have been found to be descended from black African ancestors who came to Britain many centuries ago.
A study of Caucasian men who share the same English surname has found that they also share a type of Y chromosome that has previously been found only in men living in west Africa.
Scientists believe the findings show that Africans who came to Britain as Roman soldiers nearly 2,000 years ago or as slaves after the 16th centuryleft a line of descendants.
The results are the first genetic evidence of black Africans living in Britain centuries before the influx from Commonwealth countries with black populations in the mid-20th century.
The researchers say they have to keep the Yorkshire surname confidential - it begins with the letter "R" - because they would need permission to release it from everyone with the surname who took part in the study.
Professor Mark Jobling of Leicester University said the men are white and did not know they had black ancestry until his team pointed out that they had a type of Y chromosome that could only come from west Africa.
"The Y chromosome is passed down from father to son, so this suggested Mr R must have had African ancestry somewhere down the line. Our study suggests that this must have happened some time ago," he said. The type of Y chromosome is known as hgA1 and was found in seven out of 18 men who shared the same surname. Only 25 other men have the same Y chromosome, all from west Africa.
Because of the west African connection, it is more likely that the origin of the gene in Britain lies with the slave trade which was heavily based in the region, although a garrison of Moors was installed by the Romans when they were building Hadrian's Wall.
The study is published in the European Journal of Human Genetics.
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lilsoulful1
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Posted: Sunday January 28th, 2007 16:03 |
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| It must be weird for them to find out that they are a little bit a black
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defyfear
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Posted: Monday January 29th, 2007 14:43 |
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White men with a rare Yorkshire surname have been found to be descended from black African ancestors who came to Britain many centuries ago.
These men have been declared white men but their names do not fit the 'locale'.
What is the surname?
Anybody know or is talking?
Even if we all turn white as black people many of us will still have 'legal' problems.
Because its all in the 'name' or in this case 'surname'.
Here is the 'R' s I picked up
One of these names have been in the news from America for the past 3 months.
I wonder if thats a 'indicator'.
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MarcusGarveyLives
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Posted: Monday January 29th, 2007 21:53 |
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I do not understand the last post.
What is the alleged significance of the surnames highlighted and the relevance of the reference to America?
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Posted: Tuesday January 30th, 2007 03:07 |
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Richards
Michael Richards - comedian and taped with racial motivated degrading backlash
Keith Richard (Rolling Stones international 'rock' band) changed last name to Richards.
Poor Richards Almanac by Benjamin Franklin.
Norman name commonly used for the last 900 years except in the 19th century.
Have you met many or any English dominated slave instituted last names from our people with Richards or Richard.
That is where I am taking it.
Riccardo is the Italian name.
Richard - last name occupy caste positions we see ourselves in today. Lawyers, poor, musicians, artists etc.
Google it.
The surname and the history and occupations (caste) says it all.
But yes, I will state I could be dead wrong.
Once in a while I find sometimes not all the times the most viles people who call me racial derogatory sentiments are not totally white English bred in appearance.
One thing I saw in Britian 'Khan' was the top last name with the most population.
That's change right there.
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MarcusGarveyLives
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Posted: Wednesday January 31st, 2007 10:57 |
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I am afraid that you have completely lost me (and, I suspect, the other 20,000 Villagers).
Is "Richards" a "rare Yorkshire surname"?
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MarcusGarveyLives
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Posted: Wednesday January 31st, 2007 11:23 |
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... it probably makes sense to post the deatils which anyone can find on the internet for themselves ...
Yorkshireman Found To Share DNA With African Tribes
Top: Astonished Yorkshireman, John Revis. Below: Revis and wife.
John Revis has always considered himself a true Yorkshireman who was proud of his ancestry.
But he has been forced to confront an entirely different heritage - after scientists uncovered that he has exactly the same DNA imprint as a tribe of African warriors.
Scientists last week announced the discovery of the first proof that slaves brought to Britain by the Romans left behind a distinct genetic heritage.
This strand was revealed to exist among just seven men with a particular surname hailing from the North of England.
However, the academics refused to disclose the identities of any of those men included in the study.
Now The Mail on Sunday has discovered that all of those with the African lineage have the surname Revis.
Last night, John, 75, a retired surveyor living in Leicester, said: "I started looking into my family history and traced my ancestors back to the mid-1700s.
"One line went to the States and became very successful while my immediate line stayed in the North of England and were mostly bakers. There was nothing to suggest that I was African."
John responded to a newspaper advert by Leicester University asking for people who have traced their ancestry to give DNA samples for a study on world populations.
He said: "The scientists took some of my DNA away for analysis and then one day they called me up and were very excited. They said I had a Y-chromosome that was extremely rare. I was flabbergasted. I had no idea that I was so culturally unique. But I am not going to start eating couscous and riding a camel."
John is attempting to take the discovery in his stride. He added: "It was a shock to find out that, because I was so blond and blue-eyed when I was younger, people thought I was Nordic or German.
"But the researchers said that if my DNA were examined then people would assume they were looking at a North African man.
"I suspect there must have been some big Berber tribesman who came to Britain with the Romans and spread his seed all over Yorkshire."
John is married with three children and six grandchildren. The news shocked his friends at Brookfield Bowls Club in Leicester.
He added: "It is a very white establishment which can be a little awkward in a multi-racial place such as Leicester.
"At least now they can say they have got one more ethnic-minority member but I doubt anyone would be able to pick me out. His wife Marlene was also taken aback."
She said: "I can hardly believe it. John has always seemed very English to me. He likes his roast beef and Yorkshire pudding on a Sunday. He has never asked me to cook anything unusual. My friends think our news is hilarious.
"The closest John ever came to the traditional Berber life was when he went camping with the Scouts. I don't think we've been in a tent since we got married.'
Scientists from Leicester University made the finding during research sponsored by The Wellcome Trust. They were examining the relationship between the male, or Y, chromosome and surnames.
Like surnames, the Y-chromosome is passed from father to son, virtually unchanged through generations.
Professor Mark Jobling said: "We found John was in the A1 group of Y-chromosomes, which is very rare and highly west African-specific.
"This study has shown what it means to be British is complicated and always has been. Human migration history is very complex, particularly for an island nation such as ours. This study further debunks the idea that there are simple and distinct populations or races."
Over time, the Y-chromosome accumulates small changes in DNA sequence, allowing scientists to study the relationships between different male lineages.
The surname Revis is believed to derive from Rievaulx Abbey in Yorkshire. Berber comes from the Latin word for Barbarian.
Fellow researcher Turi King said: "Our findings represent the first genetic evidence of Africans among 'indigenous' British people."
She added that Africans were first recorded in northern England 1,800 years ago, brought by the Romans to help defend Hadrian's Wall.
Ms King said: "The slave trade was responsible for the influx of Africans in the 16th and 17th Centuries. By the last third of the 18th Century there were 10,000 black people in Britain.
Previous studies of British genetic diversity had found no evidence of African Y-chromosome lineages."
(Source)
'African' Yorkshireman John Revis, now living in Leicester
"It was a shock to find out that, because I was so blond and blue-eyed when I was younger, people thought I was Nordic or German.
"But the researchers said that if my DNA were examined then people would assume they were looking at a North African man.
"I suspect there must have been some big Berber tribesman who came to Britain with the Romans and spread his seed all over Yorkshire."
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defyfear
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Posted: Wednesday January 31st, 2007 14:14 |
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However my 'lost' words may actual save this man and that 'name'.
This article seems to give the go ahead a green light to the reading 'public' to destroy this man and that 'name'.
This article has a 'witchhunt' quality to it.
We have to see who is declaring what?
For one:
Article ONE (Yorkshire link with Africa revealed in genetic study ): The researchers say they have to keep the Yorkshire surname confidential - it begins with the letter "R" - because they would need permission to release it from everyone with the surname who took part in the study.
Article TWO (Yorkshireman Found To Share DNA With African Tribes): However, the academics refused to disclose the identities of any of those men included in the study.
Now The Mail on Sunday has discovered that all of those with the African lineage have the surname Revis.
Who should I believe in this case .
For two:
As today people change their names. First and last. There are plenty of stories in America and I am sure in Britian of people changing their names to fit locales. This article above does not give any indication of that.
For three:
There is no indication of the results of all the names involved. Leicester University has not release to the 'public' all the names tested in this study and their is no other university verifying their 'results'. Two or more witnesses need to be established. Plus this man volunteered. That means he was going to get something in return if he did the DNA study.
From the BBC article DNA scientist are having a 'hard time' getting samples from Aborigines in Australia and Native Americans in America.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4435009.stm
For four:
Regardless this man does not consider himself African. We should acknowledge his own definition before we stamp him with African. If I am going to take Article Two, he consider himself premium
'true Yorkshireman who was proud of his ancestry'
and his reasoning for 'alleged' african bloodline
I suspect there must have been some big Berber tribesman who came to Britain with the Romans and spread his seed all over Yorkshire.
This above quote reveals enough of his racial thinking and of that in Yorkshire since he chose to represent them.
Lastly this article does not state like I stated
But yes, I will state I could be dead wrong.
The Daily Mail is putting people in danger (both the accused and public) with this article regardless and have not acknowledge any wrong.
Last edited on Wednesday January 31st, 2007 14:19 by defyfear
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MarcusGarveyLives
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Posted: Wednesday January 31st, 2007 16:18 |
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